Growing evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus is one of the strongest risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s disease. However, it remains unclear why diabetes mellitus accelerates Alzheimer’s pathology. In the present study, the authors performed histopathological and biochemical analyses of brain tissue in cynomolgus monkeys with type 2 diabetes. They provide the evidence that diabetes mellitus accelerates Aβ pathology accompanied by enhanced GM1-ganglioside-bound Aβ (GAβ), which is the endogenous seed for Aβ fibril formation in the brain. Intraneuronal accumulation of enlarged endosomes was also observed in diabetes mellitus-affected monkeys, suggesting that exacerbated endocytic disturbance may underlie the acceleration of Aβ pathology.
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Okabayashi S, Shimozawa N, Yasutomi Y, Ynagisawa K, Kimura N: Diabetes Mellitus Accelerates Aβ Pathology in Brain Accompanied by Enhanced GAβ Generation in Nonhuman Primates. PLoS One 10(2):e0117362. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117362. Feb. 12, 2015.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25675436